Parathyroid Gland

-
Parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and other tetrapods. Humans usually have four parathyroid glands, located on the back of the thyroid gland in variable locations.

 Image result for parathyroid gland

 The parathyroid gland produces and secretes parathyroid hormone in response to a low blood calcium, which plays a key role in regulating the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones

 . Parathyroid hormone (also known as parathormone) is a small protein that takes part in the control of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, as well as bone physiology. Parathyroid hormone has effects antagonistic to those of calcitonin.
  • Calcium. PTH increases blood calcium levels by directly stimulating osteoblasts and thereby indirectly stimulating osteoclasts (through RANK/RANKL mechanism) to break down bone and release calcium. PTH increases gastrointestinal calcium absorption by activating vitamin D, and promotes calcium conservation (reabsorption) by the kidneys.
  • Phosphate. PTH is the major regulator of serum phosphate concentrations via actions on the kidney. It is an inhibitor of proximal tubular reabsorption of phosphorus. Through activation of vitamin D the absorption (intestinal) of Phosphate is increased.

 Disease caused due to its deficiency ----Hypoparathyroidism
Disease caused due to increase in this hormone ------Hyperparathyroidism 

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Pituitary Gland

-
Image
Pituitary gland is also called as master gland... The pituitary is a pea-sized gland that is housed within a bony structure (sella turcica) at the base of the  brain . The sella turcica protects the pituitary but allows very little room for expansion. It has 3 parts:  1.Anterior lobe (Adenohypophysis)                         2.Intermediate lobe (Pars intermedia)                         3.Posterior lobe ( Neurohypophysis ) It secretes 11 hormones Hormone Target Organ or Tissue Adrenocorticotropic hormone (  ACTH ) Adrenal glands Beta-melanocyte–stimulating hormone Skin Endorphins Brain and immune system Enkephalins Brain Follicle-stimulating hormone Ovaries or testes Growth hormone Muscles and bones Luteinizing hormone Ovaries or testes Oxytocin * Uterus and mammary glands Prolactin Mammary glands Thyroid-stimulating hormone Thyroid
Read more

Pancreas

-
Image
Pancreas is a heterocrine gland ( mixed gland) found in the folds of the duodenum. A portion of pancreas acts like an exocrine gland and another portion like an endocrine gland. The group of cells of endocrine pancreas is called islets of Langerhans. The cells of islet are of three types, with respect to kind of hormones they secrete. 1. Alpha cells :-     These cells secrete glucagon hormone which causes the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose in the blood. Thereby glucose becomes available to the tissues and organs of the body. 2. Beta cells :-      These cells secrete insulin hormone, which controls the formation of glycogen from glucose in the liver. If insulin is not secreted properly, blood glucose level will keep on rising and after a limit, the kidney will allow the glucose to go out in the urine. This happens in people suffering from diabetes mellitus, who are unable to secrete insufficient amounts of insulin. 3. Delta cells :-     These cells secrete soma
Read more