Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal glands are also called suprarenal glands.
There are two adrenal glands one on the top of each kidney. Internally the adrenal gland is divisible into outer cortex and inner medulla.
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal cortex is divided into three zones : the zona glomerulosa, the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis.
Produces three main types of steroid hormones : mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens.
Mineralcorticoids produced in zona glomerulosa help in regulation of blood pressure and electrolite balance.
Glucocorticoids affect carbohydrate metabolism. It stimulates the liver to synthesise carbohydrates from non carbohydrates such as amino acids and proteins. It is synthesized by zona fasciculata.
Androgens are secreted by zona reticularis which play a role in the growth of axial hair, pubic hair and facial hair during puberty.
Adrenal Medulla
The medulla secreted two hormones :-
1. Norepinephrine or noradrenaline
2. Epinephrine or adrenaline
Approximately 20% noradrenaline and 80% adrenaline are secreted here.
These hormones are secreted at the time of stress, emotional disturbance or when the individual is threatened by a dangerous situation. Adrenaline increase heart beat, constrict all blood vessels except those that supply blood to heart muscles and skeletal muscles. It also increases blood pressure and rate of respiration. Thus changes caused by these hormones prepare the body to react during emergency.
Thus it is also called emergency hormone.
There are two adrenal glands one on the top of each kidney. Internally the adrenal gland is divisible into outer cortex and inner medulla.
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal cortex is divided into three zones : the zona glomerulosa, the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis.
Produces three main types of steroid hormones : mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens.
Mineralcorticoids produced in zona glomerulosa help in regulation of blood pressure and electrolite balance.
Glucocorticoids affect carbohydrate metabolism. It stimulates the liver to synthesise carbohydrates from non carbohydrates such as amino acids and proteins. It is synthesized by zona fasciculata.
Androgens are secreted by zona reticularis which play a role in the growth of axial hair, pubic hair and facial hair during puberty.
Adrenal Medulla
The medulla secreted two hormones :-
1. Norepinephrine or noradrenaline
2. Epinephrine or adrenaline
Approximately 20% noradrenaline and 80% adrenaline are secreted here.
These hormones are secreted at the time of stress, emotional disturbance or when the individual is threatened by a dangerous situation. Adrenaline increase heart beat, constrict all blood vessels except those that supply blood to heart muscles and skeletal muscles. It also increases blood pressure and rate of respiration. Thus changes caused by these hormones prepare the body to react during emergency.
Thus it is also called emergency hormone.
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